WASTE PREVENTION IN THE COMMUNITY by Akhmad Mualifin

S

ARTICLES
ENGLISH


WASTE PREVENTION IN THE COMMUNITY

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

DOSEN PENGAMPU: Bpk.Hero Sultoni Comara.SP.d MM

 

                                    Disusun Oleh   : Akhmad Mualifin

                                    Jurusan            : Tarbiyah

 

SEKOLAH TINGGI ISLAM KENDAL

Waste Management Article
Articles waste, Waste Management, Waste Management, Waste Management, Waste Management
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1. background
Coaching and youth development is conducted through efforts to increase devotion to GOD ALMIGHTY, to lift moral, physical awareness and accumulate creativity, development of self-reliance, leadership, knowledge, skill, hard work and pioneering spirit, and to encourage participation in state and nation. Great curiosity makes us human continues to be useful to the country and nation.

1.2. purpose
To find out what we want to know, as it has been known to people who never knew. So that we can gain knowledge about waste management responsibilities. With the writing of papers Waste Management Responsibility. With the writing of this paper, we can process the mind. In addition to providing motivation and inspiration to the reader in terms of intriguing, in-depth about Waste Management Responsibility.

1.3. problem Formulation
1. Definition and Purpose of Waste Management
2. Waste Management Methods
3. Concept of Waste Management
4. Benefits of Waste Management and
5. Disaster Waste that is not managed well
6. Penaganan organic and non-organic waste
7. Waste management with active community

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

1. Definition
Definition of Solid Waste Management
Ø Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, Pendaul-replicates or Disposal of Waste Materials. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, gas, or radioactive by the method of special skills for each type of substance.
Ø The purpose
Waste management is a necessary process with two objectives:
- Turning trash into material that has economic value
- Processing waste materials not to be harmful to the environment.
2. Waste Management Methods
A. Method of Disposal
Disposal of waste in landfill burial ground including taking out the trash. Hoarding is usually done on the ground unused. Mining pits, or holes in the. A land hoarding land designed and well-managed landfill will be a hygienic and inexpensive. While land hoarding designed and not managed properly will cause a variety of environmental issues, including the garbage smelling wind, pests interesting gathering, and the rubbish puddles. Other side effects of the waste is methane gas and carbon dioxide.
Design characteristics of modern land hoarding them is waste water collection methods using clay materials / coatings plastik.banyak penimpunan waste gas has pengekstrasi system installed for gas mengampil happened.


B. Daul-reset method
The process of taking items that still have value for reuse of waste called Daul and over. There are several ways that pengampilan recycling waste material to be processed again or take the calories from materials that can be burned to generate electricity. The new method of Recycling namely:
1. Physical reprocessing
This method is the most popular activation of recycling, namely collecting and reusing waste has been disposed of for example aluminum drink cans. Kalag steel food / beverages, bottles, cardboard, newspapers, magazines and cardboard. Collection is usually done from the garbage that has been separated from the initial (litter box / junk vehicle specific), or from waste has been mixed.

2. Biological reprocessing
Waste material (organic), such as nutrients, food scraps / papers, can be processed using biological processes to compost or known as composting. The result is compost that can be used as a fertilizer and a gas that can be used to generate electricity.
Examples of processing waste using composting techniques are Green Bin Program (green bin program) in toronto, canada where household organic waste such as kitchen waste dn cuttings collected in special bags for Compost.
3. Energy recovery
The content of energy contained in the waste can be taken directly by way of making fuel, or indirectly by way of the process into other types of fuel. Recycling by way of "heat treatment" varies from using it as fuel to cook or heat up using it to heat borlaer to generate steam and electricity from the turbine-generator. Pyrolysis and Gusifikasi are two related forms of thermal treatment where waste is heated at high temperatures with oxygen-poor conditions. This process is usually carried out in a closed container at high pressure. Pyrolysis of solid waste converts waste into products Starchy solid, gas and liquid. Liquid and gas products can be burned to produce energy or refined into other products. Residual solids can then be refined into products such as activated carbon. Busure advanced plasma gasification are used to convert organic materials directly into a synthetic gas (a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen). Gas and then burned to produce electricity and steam.

 

 

C. Avoidance and Reduction Methods
An important method of waste management is the prevention of waste substances form, also known as "junk Monetization" prevention methods include reuse of second-hand goods, repair defective goods, designing products that can be refilled or can be reused, invites consumers to avoid using disposable items, designing products that use less material for the same function.
3. Concept of Waste Management
There are several different concepts about its use pengelolaansampah between countries or regions, namely:
- Hierarchy garbage. waste hierarchy refers to the "3M" reducing waste, reusing and recycling waste classify waste management strategies according to the wishes of the terms of waste minimization.
Waste hierarchy purpose is to take advantage meksimum of practical products and generate a minimum amount of waste.
- Extension of the responsibility of the waste generator / extended producer responsibility (EPR). (EPR) is a strategy designed to promote the integration of all the costs associated with their products throughout the life cycle (including end-of-life disposal costs) into the market price of the product. Extended producer responsibility is meant to determine accountability over the entire lifecycle of products and packaging introduced to the market.
- The principle of polluter pays handy. Polluter pays principle is a principle in which the polluter pays tax consequences to the environmental impact.

4. Benefits of Treatment
Benefits of waste management, namely:
1. Saving natural resources
2. Energy savings
3. Saving landfill
4. Beautiful environment (clean, healthy, comfortable)
5. Reduce Pollution
Disaster Waste that is not managed properly
Waste that is not managed will lead to:
1. Avalanche scrapheap
2. Source of disease
3. Environmental pollution
4. Cause flooding

5. Organic Waste Management and Non-Organic
- Organic Waste Management
Aimed at handling organic waste composting is done independently in each household and each RT village. The process is easy, inexpensive and beneficial can come from kitchen waste (household) waste or yard (RT)
- Handling of Non-Organic waste
In each household must sort plastic, metal and glass, and paper and then throw it into the garbage cans under the type of garbage that has been provided. The waste will be taken to a salvage yard to choose which one is still able to be sold which are not sold. Almost all non-organic waste can be sold to collectors.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER III

CLOSING

1.1. conclusion
Apart from being one of the tasks K3LH training, this paper is also intended by the author to be a document of knowledge for us all.
Once we observe and record things that are important from Waste Management Responsibilities authors concluded that:
Ø Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, Pendaul-replicates or Disposal of Waste Materials.
Ø waste disposal on land hoarding performed on unused land, mined hole, or holes in the
Ø land hoarding designed and not managed properly will cause a variety of environmental problems
Ø There are several methods in Waste Management, the disposal method, and the method Daul re-Avoidance and Reduction Methods
Ø Management of garbage is very beneficial to the community and the environment
Ø

1.2. suggestion
Of writing this paper the author know if we made a paper rudimentary. Because the sources obtained by the authors are not exhaustive and many. Therefore, suggestions and criticisms from readers so we need to improve the quality and perfection of this article.

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INDONESIA: Greenpeace protests construction of region’s largest coal power plant in central Java

INDONESIA: Greenpeace protests construction of region’s largest coal power plant in central Java

(EnergyAsia, July 5 2012, Thursday) — Greenpeace activists staged a march through Jakarta city yesterday in protest against plans by a consortium to build Southeast Asia’s largest coal-fired power plant in the coastal district of Batang on north central Java.

Stopping at the Maritime and Fisheries Ministry, the group said the 2,000MW plan would pollute coastal waters and permanently damage the sensitive eco-system while threatening the livelihoods of residents who are mostly fishermen and farmers.

Indonesian coal miner Adaro Energy and Japanese partners J-Power and Itochu Corp are planning to start work on the US$4 billion plant later this year, with completion targeted for 2016.

The Indonesian government is caught in a bind between meeting its commitment to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 26% from 2009 levels by 2020 while boosting the country’s power generation capacity to keep up with demand growth. The Batang plant is a major piece in the government’s plan to raise the national power capacity by 20,000 MW by 2016 from 2005 levels.

The consortium’s PT Bhimasena Power Indonesia signed a long-term agreement to supply state utility PLN for 25 years last October.
In securing the project, the consortium members proclaimed it as the first power plant in Indonesia to use “advanced environmentally friendly, ultra-supercritical (USC) technology and will serve as a model of high-efficiency power generation.”

The plant will use locally mined low-quality sub-bituminous coal as fuel.

But Greenpeace is not impressed, insisting that the project will be illegally developed in the Ujungnegoro-Roban coastal area which has been under official protection by the central government since 2008.

The contract to build the plant was approved by the Batang district government which issued a new regulation last year that supposedly overruled Jakarta’s jurisdiction over the area’s environmental protection.

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NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF WASTE AND WAYS TO OVERCOM

NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF WASTE AND WAYS TO OVERCOME

 

A.    Background

One of the factors that led to the destruction of the environment, which to this day still remains a big problem for the Indonesian nation is a factor lands fills. Lots of people waste produced both organic and inorganic. Inorganic waste more often colorless, fasteless and odorless , but pose a potential health hazard.

In terms of waste, where the biting nuisance odors and sights (beauty / hygiene) very interesting our senses.so dominant discorder smells and sights of garbage is what has turned us from the dangers of toxic waste that is more threatening human survival. Properties of synthetic  toxins  are odorless  and colorless, and the long. Term health effects (such us cancer,nevrogical.damage reproductive. Disorders,etc)

Making the toxin escapes notice.

 

B.     Impact for human waste and the environment

Already we realize that the environmental pollution caused by industry and households is very detrimental to human beings, either directly or indirectly. Through industrial activities and technologies are expected to be further improved quality of life,but often the technology also causes on increase in the negative impact is not small.

 

Impact on health, location and inadequate waste management (waste disponsal unconditioned) is a good place for some organisms and appeal to a variety of animals such as flies and dogs that can cause disease.

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UNDERSTANDING THE ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL article
UNDERSTANDING THE ENVIRONMENT

Human life can not be separated from its environment. Both the natural environment and social environment. We need to breathe air from the surrounding environment. We eat, drink, health, environment all require.

Understanding the environment is everything that is around humans that affect the development of human life, either directly or indirectly. Environment can be divided into biotic and abiotic environment. If you are in school, a neighborhood biotiknya school friends, teachers and employees of the father's mother, and all the people in the school, as well as various types of plants in the school garden and the animals around him. The abiotic environment such as air, tables and chairs, blackboards, school buildings, and a variety of inanimate objects that are around.

Often an environment consisting of a fellow human being referred to as the social environment. Social environment that has shaped the social system large role in shaping one's personality.

ENVIRONMENT

In particular, we often use the term environment to mention everything that affects the survival of all living creatures on earth.

As based on Law no. 23 In 1997, the environment is a unity and oneness with all things living things including human beings and their behavior that establish livelihoods and human well-being and other living beings.

Elements of the environment can be divided into three, namely:
• Elements of Conservation (biotic)
• Socio-Cultural Elements
Physical elements (abiotic) ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE

Based on the causes, forms of environmental damage can be divided into 2 types, namely:

1. Forms of Environmental Damage Due to Natural Events

Various forms of natural disasters that recently hit Indonesia has a lot of impact damage to the environment. The enormity of the tsunami that devastated the Terrace of Mecca and Nias, and 5 on the Richter scale earthquake that leveled the DIY and the surrounding region, is an example of a natural phenomenon that in an instant can change face shape earth.the moment other natural impact on environmental degradation, among others:

a. Volcanic eruptions

Volcanic eruptions occur due to magma activity in the bowels of the earth which cause intense pressure out through the mountaintop berapi.Bahaya caused by volcanic eruptions such as:
• Rain volcanic ash, causing respiratory problems.
• Hot Lava, destructive, and deadly anything that passed.
• Hot clouds, can turn living creatures that pass.
• Gas-containing toxins.
• Solid materials (rocks, gravel, sand), can override the housing, and others-lain.b. Earthquake
An earthquake is the vibration of the earth's crust that can be caused by several things, including activities of magma (volcanic activity), the soil down, and because the plate in the bottom of the ocean. Humans can measure how the intensity of the earthquake, but the man is utterly unable to predict when an earthquake.

Therefore, the danger posed by an earthquake more powerful than the volcanic eruption. At the time of the earthquake lasted several events occurred as a result, directly or indirectly, including:
• Many buildings collapsed.
• Land on surface of earth fissure, the road becomes broken.
• Landslides caused by shocks.
• There was a flood, due to damage to the embankment.
• An earthquake on the ocean floor can cause a tsunami (tidal wave). C. Hurricane
Hurricanes occur due to air flow from areas of high pressure toward areas of low pressure.

This air pressure difference occurs because the air temperature differences are striking. Hurricanes attacks for countries in the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean region is a common thing. For regional areas in California, Texas, up in Asia such as Korea and Taiwan, the danger of a catastrophic hurricane season. But for the new Indonesia felt in mid-2007. This suggests that climate change has occurred in Indonesia, which was caused by the global warming phenomenon.

Danger of hurricanes can be predicted through satellite photos that depict the state of the Earth's atmosphere, including the formation of hurricanes picture, direction, and speed. Attacks hurricanes (cyclones) can cause damage to the environment in the form of:
• Knock down the buildings.
• Damage to agricultural and plantation areas.
• Harm flight.
• Potential large waves that can sink long vehicle.2. Environmental damage due to Human Factors
Man as ruler of the earth's environment plays a major role in determining the sustainability of the environment. Human beings as creatures of God who understands the world is able to change the face of the pattern simple life forms to modern life as it is today.

But unfortunately, it is often what people do not offset with thinking about the future lives of the next generation. Much progress was achieved by humans a bad impact on environmental sustainability.

Some forms of environmental degradation due to human factors, among others:
• The occurrence of pollution (pollution of air, water, soil, and noise) as a result of the industrial area.
• The occurrence of floods, as a result of poor drainage or sewerage system and failure to maintain watersheds and the impact of forest destruction.
Landslides, as a direct result of human activity hutan.how much damage that may directly or indirectly have an impact on environmental degradation, among others:
• Illegal Logging (deforestation).
• Poaching.
• Damaging mangroves.
• Hoarding swamps for settlement.
• Disposal of litter.
• Building wild watersheds (DAS).
• Utilization of natural resources beyond the limits excessive

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7 simple steps to save energy

7 simple steps to save energy by MS NAJIH

       The times and the ability to think humans in creating technology allows human kehidupa be easy and convenient. The existence of tools such as cars, motorcycles, lights, televisions, refrigerators, computers and so on. On the other hand, excessive use and increase the population can also increase energy needs. Diperkirahan that 90% of the electricity generation sourced from fuel oil and coal. Lately it has been a symptom to the energy crisis and fuel as well as the increasing global oil prices. On the situation, it should dilkukan is to do energy saving or creation of an environmentally friendly alternative energy. When energy saving is done then we can save costs and reduce the negative impact of emissions resulting from energy use. The following described real simple steps in our daily lives to save

The following described real simple steps in our everyday lives to save energy.

1.      Use energy-saving lamps e.g. fluorescent lamps are energy efficient glebih yan than lights bohlem. Disiang today can use natural lights in optima.

2.      shape the behavior and habits of yourself for using electricity when needed, interchangeably, and not excessive.

3.      turn off the television, tap water, computer or lights if it is not used

4.      if allowed to dry clothes naturally in the Sun.

5.      Use household or Office that is energy efficient and environmentally friendly, such as air conditioner and refrigerator with freon which is environmentally friendly

6.      Efficient energy consumption in public places, such as in shopping centres, offices, terminals, highways, airports, stations and so on.

7.      Mengdesain energy-efficient home or gedugn, such as good lighting and enough ventilation, thus reducing the use of lamps during the day, using roofing materials of buildings that could cool the temperature inside

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School of Environmental Cleanliness

Dari

• Khikmatul Khasanah  

Ke

• sultoni_c@yahoo.co.id

Nama:Khikmatul Khasanah

Semester:2 (dua)

NIM:1211492

Tugas:Artikel B.inggris

School of Environmental Cleanliness

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background
Often we hear the slogans in various places, especially in school, that it invites us to maintain a healthy environment.

But the slogan was not we care about, the slogan was functioning only as mere decoration without any content, whereas the content of a slogan is very important for us. Many slogan that invites us to maintain cleanliness, but what reality? Students still littering, besides these students also tore up the paper in class and when eating a snack in the wrapper removal also in the A, although in places it has bins.

Of course we do not want our schools to be dirty, grungy and full of rubbish. Besides the waste we throw away carelessly earlier can also pollute the environment, both in the classroom and outside the classroom and can also cause learning environment we are comfortable.

B. Discussion destination
On the topic of this time, we want to build a vital role in creating a healthy environment. Because, when a healthy environment then all living beings that exist around us will be able to breathe properly. Especially we as students can receive learning materials properly. Because if the classrooms are clean, the air must be cool. And therefore the brain can function perfectly and usefulness.

The brain can work quickly. If healthy and clean environment, the brain can work faster than any of the objects ever. Because the brain has millions - millions of stimuli that covers and protects the brain so that the brain can work with the maximum.

At least, with the police, we also have to preserve and maintain and appreciate our talents in science and technology. Because successful people must have come from a clean and healthy environment. So that he can focus on learning he received.

CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

Top of Form

There are some important issues that should be discussed in this paper, are:

1) Clean environment encouraging students
In every aspect and behavior of students must be seen from her habit every day. So with the class even though the school environment. When the school and classroom environments including classrooms clean and organized as well - well, then the motivation to learn up over will invite friends - friends to follow the spirit of the learning.

2) Clean environment into schools of excellence
We know that the cleanliness of the school environment also have a big impact for students and even more so for the school itself. Because everyone would investigate the situation and to the school before a student is in school. So, to maintain the good name of the school, each driving - driving must maintain the cleanliness and comfort at school and school safety. Advance for students / student at SMP Negeri 1 Dolok Panribuan.

3) Conduct a school mirror
In every aspect, the behavior of an individual affects his future character. Thus, the school was rated by the local community with a variety of characteristics of a person's view of students and a group of students at SMP Negeri 1 Dolok Panribuan. This is called the mirror of personality. That shows the characteristics of a student at SMP Negeri 1 Dolok Panribuan.

4) Cleanliness can facilitate human brain
We need to know that the environment is clean or not largely affect the human brain. Because oxygen in the form of O2 is inhaled through the lungs - pulmonary mostly serves to facilitate the circulation of blood through the human brain neurons. This has always been feared by humans. So they can keep the environment clean in the school.

5) Planting trees for the environment
Replanting of trees or the most synonymous with greening can influence the amount of oxygen that can be inhaled by humans. When a tree is planted on the school - a shady tree, then in that place there is certainly plenty of clean, fresh oxygen. And trees - trees can also reduce pollution and direct sunlight.

* Learning Theories
According Sukmadinata (2004: 167) learning theories derived from theory or stream - stream psychology. Broadly speaking there are three large clumps known psychology, namely: the theory of mental discipline, behaviorism, and cognitive-gestalt - field.

1. The theory of mental discipline
According to the psychology of the individual clumps have the power capability or potential certain. Learning is the development of the forces and capabilities such potential. How does the development process

985: 16), in Asnawir & Usman (2002: 18):
• Media as a communication tool in order to further streamline the learning process,
• The media serves as a tool to achieve educational goals,
• The use of media in teaching and learning,
• The relationship between the methods of teaching with educational methods,
• The value and benefits of educational media,
• Select and use educational media,
• Know the different types of educational media tools and techniques,
• Recognize the use of educational media in each subject taught,
• Undertake efforts innovations in media education. Because it is the medium of education is very important to achieving the goal of learning support it self.
The environment is something natural phenomena around us, where there is interaction between biotic (living) and abiotic factors (non-living). Environment provides a stimulus (stimulus) to the individual and the individual otherwise respond to the environment. In the process of interaction that can occur in the form of a change in individual behavior change .Oemar Hamalik (2004: 194) in his theory of "Back to Nature" shows how important natural influences on the development of learners.

According Oemar Hamalik (2004: 195) Environment (environment) as a basis for teaching is conditional factors that influence individual behavior and learning is an important factor. Environment that is around us can serve as a learning resource. Environment includes: surrounding communities
So media learning environment is an understanding of a particular symptom or behavior of an object or a scientific observation about something that is in teaching students about the material before and after receiving materials from the school by bringing experiences and discoveries with what they encounter in their environment. With the use of the environment as a medium of learning is the teacher hopes students will be more familiar with the environment that fosters the love of the surrounding environment. The first step to do (Asnawir & Usman, 2002: 109):
• the school courtyard planted with herbs and flowers;
• Bringing plants and animals into the classroom;
• Pursue collect grass and leaves (herbarium), insects (Insectarium), fish and other aquatic (aquarium);

4. Using rocks and shellfish, all of these can be used as a source of learning.
Utilization of the environment as a medium of learning is more meaningful because the students are confronted with the actual events and circumstances naturally, making it more real, more factual, and truth can be justified. Many of the benefits derived from the activities of learning environments in the learning process (Sudjana & Rivai, 2002: 208):
• Learning activities more interesting and not boring the students sitting in a classroom for hours, so that students' motivation will be higher,
• The nature of learning will be more meaningful because the students are confronted with a situation and the actual situation or are natural,
• The materials can be studied richer and more factual so that the truth is more accurate,
• The learning is more comprehensive and more active because it can be done in various ways such as observing, questioning or interview, to prove or demonstrate, examine the facts,
• Learning resources are richer because the environment that can be learned can be varied as a social environment, natural environment, the built environment, etc., and students to understand and appreciate the aspects of life that exist in their environment, so as to form a familiar personal with life around him, and can foster a love of the environment.
•
• In addition to utilizing the environment must meet certain conditions including:
• Must be in accordance with the outlines of the teaching program,
• Able to attract the attention of students,
• Life and thrive in the midst of society,
• Able to develop skills of the child interacts with the environment,
• Closely related to the students, and
• Able to develop students' knowledge and experience.
Basically reporting of learning outcomes is an activity to communicate and explain the results of the assessment of a teacher's student growth. Then the information about the assessment process and the learning outcomes and teaching outcomes in the form of control indicator set, by learners get the results of this assessment can be used as a means to motivate students in learning achievement, in order to improve the quality of learning. The form reports the results of an assessment process and learning outcomes include cognitive, affective, and psychomotor Haryati (2007: 115)

According Sudjana (2002: 45) in the teaching-learning process, the type of learning outcomes expected to be achieved by students is important to know the teacher, so the teacher can design or redesign teaching accurately and meaningfully. Each teaching-learning process success is measured by how far the learning outcomes achieved by students, as well as measured in terms of the process. That is, how much the type of the student learning outcomes. Type of learning outcomes should be seen in the goals that will be teaching and learning.achieved by the process of .

CHAPTER III
CLOSING

A. CONCLUSION
Environment is one of the place or vehicle to be used as a medium of learning in the learning process, being able to generate interest and stimulate them to do and prove it. It is very well done and fits in the subjects of biology, because the students understanding of the biology is the science of recitation and of no value for life and also as a result of the learning experience that is verbal and never invited to learn out of the classroom while the biological sciences must be in accordance with what that exist in nature because, in high school biology is the science subjects in which students are required to understand the biological concepts and develop reasoning power to solve the problems facing everyday.

B. suggestion
In order to use the environment as a learning resource is well managed, it should be done step by step: planning, execution, and follow-up. In these steps, the teacher and students are actively involved so that the utilization of the environment becomes a shared responsibility.Bottom of Form

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