SMK 2013- Rice Planting Method BY-nama : novyana kusuma dewi kelas : xii rpl 2 no : 21

Sen,16 Sep2013 pada 14:47

14:47

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DARI Justin Novy KEPADA Anda

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nama : novyana kusuma dewi

kelas : xii rpl 2

no : 21

Rice Planting Method
As with any other way of cultivating horticultural crops , paddy rice cultivation method is also divided into several stages , namely :


1 . Phase Soil Cultivation
Phase tillage on rice cultivation covers 2 important parts , namely :

    tillage
    preparation Irrigation

Land preparation involves cleaning rice straw or crop residues lainCara planting rice , pengemburan soil and repair the damaged embankment . Initial fertilizer application and dissemination of agricultural lime to know if the soil pH below 6.5 . Initial fertilizer application is usually in the form of manure that has been fermented by 4 tons / ha . To loosen the soil to use plows and harrows .

Irrigation channels also need to be prepared . So that when the planting of water needed by plants is assured . At the time penggaruan drainage should be closed , so that the fertilizer is given not float away.

2 . Seeding stage
Breeding rice should be done in a nursery . Establishing nurseries is the most important part in the cultivation of rice as seeds that produced will determine the growth of rice plants in the fields. Location should be selected for breeding fertile soil with sufficient sunlight intensity . A raised bed nursery depends on the extent of wetland will be planted . Usually needed for 1 ha in rice seed as much as 25-30 kg / ha . Each raised bed measuring 1 m wide and 4 m long with a height of 20-30 cm can accommodate as many as 7 -8 kg seed . Therefore, for 1 ha of paddy fields will need 4 in nursery beds . Before the seeds spread on the land should be given as 15-15-15 NPK fertilizer as much as 1 kg / plot . And to prevent rat infestation , preferably around in beds rigged plastic fence . Prior to spread , the seeds should be soaked in advance for one night . This serves to accelerate the germination of seeds .

3 . phase Planting
After reaching the age of 18 days , the seeds are ready for planting in paddy fields . Before planting , remove the seeds that have been soaked in a solution of carbofuran insecticide active ingredient with a concentration of 1 g / liter for 2 hours . At the time of planting , the soil does not need to be inundated. Quite a bit muddy course . Planting method using legowo 2-1 . With a spacing of 15 x 25 and is just 1 plant perlubang clumps . Way of planting rice using this method does look a little sparse , but it will be very good for the development and growth as there is enough space for water management , fertilization and optimization of solar light .

4 . Maintenance Phase Rice paddy
Maintenance phase of the plant include :

    Replanting, rice can be done up to 2 weeks old .
    Weeding , is done to control weeds or weeds as well as revocation of rice plants that are unhealthy and disease . Weeding is usually done 2 times , ie before the second and third fertilization or as needed .
    Irrigation , the rice cultivation , water is a vital necessity . Order condition of the rice plant is well maintained , it should be in a condition lahat quite muddy with puddles no more than 1 cm from the surface of the rice field . Koadar land should remain controlled water for up to 10 days before harvesting .
    Fertilization aftershocks , aftershocks fertilization usually done in 3 times . That is when the rice from 7 days after planting , 20 dap and 35 days after planting . Each using as much as 150 kg of NPK / ha and urea fertilization 50kg/ha the aftershocks 1 and 2 , while for the third pemupukanm concentration of urea is added to 250 kg / ha . Selaim primary fertilizer , there are also leaf nitrogen fertilizer in the spray when the crop was 14 days with 2g/liter concentration and leaf phosphate and potassium fertilizer after the plants were 30 HST as much as 2 g / liter and at the age of 45 HST as much as 4 g / liter .

5 . Phase Control of Pests and Diseases
Pests and diseases of rice plants are quite varied and troublesome . If not properly controlled , can-can harvest could fail . But prior to the control of pests and diseases should be familiar with the types of pests and diseases of rice crop , and then think about what the right way to control it . For more details about the stages of pest and disease control in rice cultivation silah read HERE .

6 . Harvest stage
Rice can be harvested as grain malainya yellowed around 95 % . Whereas if opponents by age estimates depend on the type of rice seed being planted rice crops when there are less than 100 days old , there is also a rice harvest after more than 100 days old . The determination of appropriate harvest time influence on grain quality and grain of rice that produced . Rice that is too young will cause a high percentage of empty seeds . While the harvest is too old to lead padipecah seeds while in shifts or reduced yields due to the grain easily separated from the panicle .

To get grains of rice grain quality and good , except the appropriate harvest time also to note that after the rice is cut with a scythe , threshing should be done immediately . If the delay until the next day at the threshing , the rice grains are usually not good anymore .

 

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SMK 2013- WOOD COMPOSITE POWDER PLASTIC RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY USE ALTERNATIVE WASTE WOOD AND PLASTIC INTRODUCTION BY Nama : Prio nanto tajoko No : 23 Kelas : XII RPL 3

Sen,16 Sep2013 pada 14:51

14:51

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WOOD COMPOSITE POWDER PLASTIC RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY USE ALTERNATIVE WASTE WOOD AND PLASTIC INTRODUCTION

DARI Prio Nanto Tajoko KEPADA Anda

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Nama : Prio nanto tajoko

No   : 23

Kelas : XII RPL 3

WOOD COMPOSITE POWDER PLASTIC RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY USE ALTERNATIVE WASTE WOOD AND PLASTIC 
INTRODUCTION
Due to the unique nature and characteristics, wood is the material most widely used for construction purposes. The ever-increasing demand for wood and forest potential of dwindling demand the use of wood in an efficient and expedient, by utilizing such waste sawdust into useful products. On the other hand, along with the development of technology, the need for plastics continue to increase as a consequence, increased waste plastikpun inevitable. Waste plastic is a material that can not be decomposed by microorganisms decomposing (non-biodegradable), so penumpukkannya in nature feared to cause environmental problems.

Technological developments, particularly in the field of composite board, has produced a composite product which is a combination of sawdust with recycled plastic. The technology was developed in the early 1990s in Japan and the United States. With this technology it is possible utilization of sawdust and recycled plastic to the maximum, thus will reduce the amount of waste generated. In Indonesia, research on these products is limited, whereas raw material waste potential is enormous.

This paper will present a brief overview of the potential and utilization of wood waste, particularly sawdust, and plastic waste as a product of wood-plastic composite powder recycling.

POTENTIAL AND UTILIZATION OF WASTE WOOD POWDER 

Human need for wood as building material for the purposes of construction, decoration, and furniture continues to increase along with the increase in population. Timber demand for the timber industry in Indonesia is estimated at 70 million m3 per year with an average of 14.2% per year while roundwood production estimated at 25 million m3 per year, so there was a deficit of 45 million m3 (Priyono, 2001). This suggests that the actual carrying capacity of the forest has been unable to meet the demand for wood. This situation is exacerbated by the presence komversi natural forests into agricultural land, shifting cultivation, forest fires, harvesting practices are not efisen and infrastructure development, followed by forest encroachment. These conditions require the use of wood in an efficient and prudent, among others, through the concept of the whole tree utilization, while increasing the use of non-wood berlignoselulosa, and the development of innovative products as a substitute for wood building materials.

Regrettably, to date harvesting and processing of timber in Indonesia still produces large amounts of waste. Purwanto et al, (1994) stated the composition of waste in harvesting and wood processing industry are as follows:

1. On timber harvesting, waste generally shaped logs, reaching 66.16%

2. In industrial sawmill wood waste sawdust covering 10.6 &. Sebetan 25.9% and 14.3% cuts, a total waste 50.8% of the total raw material digubakan

3. Industrial waste at the waste pieces of plywood covering 5.6%, 0.7% sawdust, 24.8% wet veneer waste, dry waste veneer peeling the remaining 12.6% 11.0% and a piece of plywood edges 6.3% . Total waste plywood for 61.0% of total raw materials used.

Data from the Ministry of Forestry and Plantations in 1999/2000 showed that Indonesia’s plywood production reached 4.61 million m3 of sawn timber while achieving 2.06 million m3. Assuming the waste generated is estimated to reach 61% of the wood waste generated reached more than 5 million m3 (CBS, 2000).

Wood waste in the form of pieces of logs and sebetan been used as the core block board and particle board material. The waste floured kergaji utilization is still not optimal. For large, integrated industrial, waste sawdust sawn been utilized as a form of charcoal briquettes and activated charcoal are sold commercially. But for the sawmilling industry small-scale industries, which accounted for thousands of units and the countryside, the waste has not been used optimally. An example is the industrial mills in Jambi, amounting to 150 pieces of which are located on the edge of the river Batang, sawn wood waste generated is dumped into the river, causing siltation and reduction process stream segment (Pari, 2002). In most of the wood processing industry waste sawdust are commonly used as furnace fuel, or burned away without meaningful use, which can cause environmental pollution (Febrianto, 1999). In order to efficient use of wood are needed to use sawdust into a more useful product.

FROM PLASTIC TO PLASTIC WASTE RECYCLING 

Plastic name representing thousands of different physical properties of materials, mechanical, and chemical. Broadly speaking, the plastic can be classified into two major categories, namely plastics are thermoplastic and thermoset that is. Thermoplastic can be reshaped easily and processed into other forms, whereas when it has hardened types of thermosets can not be softened again. The most common plastic used in everyday life in the form of thermoplastic.

Along with the development of technology, the need for plastic continues to increase. BPS data in 1999 showed that the volume of trade of Indonesia’s imports of plastic, especially polypropylene (PP) in 1995 amounted to 136,122.7 tons, while in 1999 amounted to 182,523.6 tons, so that in this period there was an increase of 34.15%. The number is expected to continue to increase in subsequent years. As a consequence, an increase in waste plastikpun inevitable. According to Hartono (1998) the composition of the waste or plastic waste dumped by each household was 9.3% of total household waste. In Jabotabek average each plant produces one ton of plastic waste every week. That number will continue to grow, due to the properties owned plastics, among others, can not rot, do not decompose naturally, it can not absorb water, and can not rust, and eventually ended up being a problem for the environment. (YBP, 1986).

Utilization of waste plastics is an effort to suppress plastic waste to a minimum and within certain limits save resources and reduce dependence on imported raw materials. Utilization of waste plastics can be done with reuse (reuse) and recycling (recycle). In Indonesia, the use of plastic waste in the scale of general household usage is back with different purposes, for example, place a plastic paint used for pot or bucket. Reuse ugly side, particularly in the form of packaging is often used for product counterfeiting as it often happens in the big cities (Syafitrie, 2001).

Utilization of waste plastics for recycling is generally done by the industry. Generally, there are four requirements for a plastic waste can be processed by an industry, among others, certain wastes must be in the form as needed (seed, pellets, powder, pieces), the waste must be homogeneous, uncontaminated, and sought not oxidized. To overcome these problems, before use of plastic waste is processed through a simple step, the separation, cutting, washing, and removal of substances such as iron, and so on (Sasse et al., 1995).

There are things that benefit in the use of plastic waste in Indonesia compared to developed countries. This is possible because manual separation is considered not possible in developed countries, can be done in Indonesia, which has abundant labor so that the separation does not need to be done with advanced equipment that require high costs. These conditions allow the development of plastics recycling industry in Indonesia (Syafitrie, 2001).

Use of recycled plastic in the manufacture of plastic goods back has been growing rapidly. Almost all types of plastic waste (80%) can be processed back into the original item must be done despite mixing with new raw materials and additives to improve the quality (Syafitrie, 2001). According to Hartono (1998) four types of plastic waste are popular and sell well in the market, namely polyethylene (PE), High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and asoi.

UTILIZATION OF WASTE WOOD AND POWDER WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES AS PLASTIC RECYCLING 

Composite wood is a term used to describe any product that is made from sheets or small pieces of wood glued together (Maloney, 1996). Referring to the definition above, composite wood powder composite plastic is made of plastic as a matrix and wood powder as filler (filler), which has properties of both. The addition of filler into the matrix aims to reduce density, increase stiffness and reduce the cost per unit volume. In terms of wood, with the polymer matrix inside the strength and physical properties will also increase (Febrianto, 1999).

Composite manufacturing using a matrix of plastic that has been recycled, in addition to improving the efficiency of wood utilization, can also reduce the load on plastic waste in addition to producing innovative products as a substitute for wood building materials. The advantages of this product include: cheaper production costs, abundant raw materials, flexible in the manufacturing process, low density, it is biodegradable (rather than plastic), possesses properties better than the original raw material, can be applied for various purposes, as well as can be recycled (recycleable). Some examples of the use of this product are as interior parts of vehicles (cars, trains, airplanes), furniture, or building components (windows, doors, walls, floors and bridges) (Febrianto, 1999: Youngquist, 1995).
Wood powder as Filler

Filler is added to the matrix in order to improve the mechanical properties of plastics through the deployment of effective stress between the fiber and the matrix (Han, 1990). Besides the addition of filler to reduce costs as well as improve some properties of its products.

Inorganic materials such as calcium carbonate, talc, mica, and fiberglass is the material most commonly used as a filler in the plastics industry. The addition of calcium carbonate, mica and talc may increase the strength of the plastic, but the weight of the product is also increased so that the transportation costs would be higher. In addition, calcium carbonate and talc are abrasive to equipment used, thereby shortening the service life. The addition of fiberglass to increase the strength of the product but the price is very expensive. Therefore the use of organic materials, such as wood filler in the plastics industry began to receive attention. In Indonesia, the potential for very large timber as a filler, especially the utilization of waste sawdust is still not optimal.

According Strak and Berger (1997), sawdust has advantages as a filler when compared to filler minerals such as mica, calcium carbonate, and talc are: process temperature is lower (less than 400 º F) thereby reducing energy costs, can be degraded naturally, weight species are much lower, so the cheaper the cost per volume, low geseknya style so not to damage equipment on the manufacturing process, and comes from renewable sources

Some factors to consider in the use of sawdust as a filler in the manufacture of wood plastic composite is a type of wood, the size ratio between powder and sawdust and plastic. Another thing to consider is the nature of wood dust itself. Wood is a material composed mostly of cellulose (40-50%), hemicellulose (20-30%), lignin (20-30%), and small amounts of inorganic materials and extractive. Therefore hydrophilic wood, rigid, and can be biologically degraded. The properties of the wood causes less suitable when combined with plastic, because it is in the manufacture of wood-plastic composites required assistance coupling agent (Febrianto, 1999).
Plastic Recycling In The Matrix

In Indonesia, most of the recycled plastic used again as the original product with lower quality. Use of recycled plastic as a construction material is still very rare. In the 1980s, the UK and Italy have been recycled plastic used to make telephone poles instead of wooden poles or iron. In Sweden recycled plastic used to manufacture the plastic brick multistory buildings, because lighter and more powerful than common brick (YBP, 1986).

Use of recycled plastic in the field of composite wood in Indonesia is still limited at the research stage. There are two strategies in the manufacture of wood composites by using plastic, plastic first used as a binder, while the wood as the main component, the second used wood filler / filler and a plastic matrix. Research on the use of recycled polypropylene plastic as a substitute for thermoset adhesives in the manufacture of particle board made by Febrianto et al (2001). Particle board product produced has dimensional stability and high mechanical strength compared to conventional particle boards. Research recycled plastic as wood plastic composite matrix made Setyawati (2003) and Sulaeman (2003) by using recycled polypropylene plastic. In the manufacture of wood plastic composite recycling, some thermoplastic polymers can be used as a matrix, but is limited by low temperature decomposition beginning and heating wood (approximately 200 ° C).

Making Process

Basically composite manufacturing recycled plastic wood powder not unlike the plastic matrix composites with pure. These composites can be made through the process one stage, two-stage process, and the continuous process. At one stage of the process, all the raw materials mixed first manually and then entered into the tool pengadon (kneader) and processed to produce a composite product. In the two-stage process of modified plastic raw materials first, then filler mixed together in the kneader and formed into a composite. The combination of these stages is known as a continuous process. In this process the raw materials incorporated gradually and sequentially in a kneader and then processed through a composite product (Han and Shiraishi, 1990). Generally a two-stage process produces a better product than the one stage, but the process takes one step shorter.
Diagram of basic manufacturing process is presented in Figure 1.

Preparation of filler 

In principle the preparation of filler intended to get sawdust or wood flour size and uniform moisture content. The more fine powders greater the contact surface between the matriknya filler, so the products become more homogeneous. However, if the terms of decorative composite powder size larger will produce a better appearance because the distribution of the powder timber provides its own value.

Preparation of Recycled Plastic

Waste plastics are grouped according to the type of plastic (polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and so on). Once cleaned, the waste is chopped to reduce the size, then heated to its melting point, then processed to form a pellet. Before being used as a composite matrix made analysts differential thermal (DTA). In the two-stage process, the pellets diblending first by serving as a coupling agent in the manufacture of composite compatibilizer.
Blending (Pengadonan)

The stages in this pengadonan adapted to the process used, one stage, two-stage, or continuous. According to Han (1990) pengadonan conditions are most influential in the manufacture of composites is the temperature, rotation rate, and time pengadonan.
The formation of composite

After the mixing is complete, the sample is directly incurred to molded into sheets with heat presses. Compression performed for 2.5 – 3 minutes with a pressure of 100 kgf/cm2 for 30 seconds at a temperature of 170 º C – 190 º C. After cold compression at the same pressure for 30 seconds, the sheet is then cooled at room temperature.
Testing of Composites

Composite testing conducted to determine whether the product meets the requirements specified for a particular use. Type adapted to the needs of testing, testing fterhadap generally includes physical properties, mechanical, and thermal composites.

Composite of high quality can only be achieved if the sawdust is well distributed in the matrix. In fact, the affinity of wood with a plastic powder is very low because the wood is hydrophilic, while the plastic is hydrophobic. As a result, the composite is formed has a drainage properties and low moldability and in turn can reduce the strength of materials (Han, 1990).
The results of research

Studies that have been and are being conducted aiming to produce wood plastic composite with the best properties. Han (1990), Stark and Berger (1997), and Oksman and Clemons (1997), examines the factors that play an important role in the manufacture of wood plastic composite powder, the type and form of raw material, wood species, the ratio of filler to the matrix, type and compatibilizer levels, as well as the conditions at the time of pengadonan. The results show that to some extent an increase in strength of the composite with the smaller size of the powder used, as well as the type, ratio of sawdust and plastic, as well as the type of wood moisture content significantly affect the properties of the resulting composites. The addition of compatibilizer to a certain extent affect both the strength of the composite.

Research on wood plastic composite mostly still use plastic purely as a matrix. Research using recycled matrix, performed by Setyawati (2003), Sulaeman (2003) by using recycled polypropylene. The results of the study are summarized as follows:

Setyawati (2003) examined the effect of the size ratio of sawdust to the matrix and compatibilizer content on physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene wood composite recycling. The results showed a similar pattern with a composite that uses pure polypropylene, the properties of the composites increased with increasing particle size and smoothness. Sawdust ratio of 50:50 with a matrix with the addition of 2.5% MAH as compatibilizer is accompanied by the addition of initiator produces optimal composite force, as well as physical properties sufficient.

Sulaeman (2003), examined the deterioration of wood plastic composite recycled polypropylene by weather and termites. The results showed a composite of recycled plastic lumber can be degraded by weather, but resistant to termite attack.

Research The Moderate / Will Do

Research and testing of wood plastic composite so far has been in the form of thin sheets, so the test is still based on testing plastics. Currently Sutrisno (personal communication) is conducting research on the properties of recycled wood plastic composite in the form of small clear specimen so testing is directed to the possible use of composites instead of wood.

Future studies will lead to the determination of the wood plastic composite board manufacturing the best and the quality of composite board with pre-treatment on the filler, the selection of modifier / compatibilizer, the initiator, the determination of process variables, and the use of materials other than wood berlignoselulosa (research plan) .

CLOSING

Manufacture of composite products sawdust and recycled plastic is one alternative to the use of waste wood and plastic, in order to improve the efficiency of wood utilization, reducing the environmental load of the plastic waste and to produce innovative products as a substitute for wood building materials. The development of these products in the future will hopefully have a positive impact, not only limited to industrial development and foreign exchange savings, but also improve the quality of the environment.

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SMK 2013- ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION EFFORTS BY Name : siti yumrotun class : XII RPL 1 no : 29

Sen,16 Sep2013 pada 17:05

17:05

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DARI Siti Yumrotun KEPADA Anda

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Assalamualaikum wr. wb

Name : siti yumrotun

class : XII RPL 1

no      : 29

1. task

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION EFFORTS

Environmental damage occurs as a result of work of human hands are not responsible for utilizing the resources contained in nature . If the process of destruction of the elements of the environment continuously allowed to proceed , the quality of the environment will get worse . Therefore , as the man most responsible actor in preserving the environment and the balance needs to make efforts to restore the balance of the environment to human life and other living creatures can be conditioned continuation .

Environmental protection is a shared responsibility between government and society . In this regard , the government has passed a law relating to the regulation and management of the environment , namely Law No. 23 of 1997 on Environmental Management . The law further elaborated in the Government Regulation Number 27 of 1999 concerning Environmental Impact Analysis , PP. 19 Year 1999 on the Control of Pollution Damage lake or sea , and Government Regulation . 41 of 1999 on Air Pollution Control , as well as Law No. . 32 of 2009 on the Protection and Management of the Environment .
The core of these regulations is how humans can manage and utilize resources wisely environment without destroying it . If there are people , both individually and collectively violated the rules then it is appropriate proportionate sanction regardless of status . On the other hand , people should support government programs related to environmental preservation efforts .

Some examples of the efforts of the management and conservation of the environment on the mainland , are as follows :
1 . Reforestation , replanting in the form of plants, especially in areas that have been deforested hills .
2 . Land rehabilitation , the return of fertility is critical lands and unproductive .
3 . Setting land use and spatial patterns according to the characteristics and land use .
4 . Keeping watersheds (catchment area ) always strived green planted by various types of perennials that can absorb a lot of water with a quantity that can ultimately prevent flooding and soil into water supplies .
5 . Making swales ( terracing ) or lorak die for areas where there is agricultural land that has a steep slope susceptible to erosion .
6 . Crop rotation and intercropping intercropping both shifts , so that nutrients and organic content of the soil is not always consumed by the plants .
7 . Planting and maintenance of the urban forest . It is intended that the city is not too hot and seem more beautiful . Given the importance of forests in urban areas , urban forests are often called the lungs of the city .

As for the preservation of the marine environment , among others, through the following efforts :
1 . Ban disposal of household waste that is not directly into the river.
2 . Provision of bins , especially in coastal areas used as tourist sites .
3 . Avoid leakage of tank transporters of fuel oil on the sea area .
4 . Enacting Water Intake Permit ( SIPA ) mainly for industrial activities that require water .
5 . Neutralization of industrial waste before discharge into the river . Thus , any factory or industry shall have waste treatment unit known as the Waste Water Treatment Plant ( WWTP ) .
6 . Controlling air pollution levels and provide information if pollution levels exceed the threshold, known as exhaust emissions .
7 . Law enforcement for perpetrators of fisheries resource management using trawling fishing gear or the like that is detrimental .
8 . Pencagaran marine habitats that have high resource value , as has been enacted in the Bunaken Marine Park and Thousand Islands Marine Park .

 2. task

Craft Bag from Cardboard

  materials following is required:
1. Cardboard, cut to size as needed, as many as 5 side
2. ato patterned wrapping paper to taste
3. Transparent plastic puith
4. Rafia straps
5. needle bed
6. scissors, glue,
7. rope to the handle
How to make:
1. Cardboard scissors fit the required size, in this case I made a rectangular bag, as many as 5 side, then coated with white wrapping paper and plastic (plastic cover) so durable / waterproof
2. Sew all sides fringe using raffia and needles, mattresses
3. After the 5 side of the box has been sewn, hand masing2 put together by stitching
4. Give hole and give grip and strap
5. so deh bag of cardboard ...
nice ... how did it go? attracted to him? .... please try :)

walaikumsalam wr wb.

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SMK 2013- The importance of protecting the environment" BY nama : yuni priasmoko kelas : xll rpl 2 no : 34

Sen,16 Sep2013 pada 14:55

14:55

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DARI moko sxe KEPADA Anda

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----------

Good morning all, Alhamdulillah by the grace of Allah the Almighty God, now I can stand here in front of you all. At this moment we can meet in good condition. Now I will tell you about "The importance of protecting the environment"

 Plants, people, animals and the environment are interdependence. Plants need a good environment for growing, animals need plants to eat, and human need everything to survive. Everything went as usual until the human who destroying it. No one of living things on the earth who can destroying it except the human.

Globalization may already be familiar to you . Globalization can accelerate the rate of economy anywhere. Technology developed over the years become a tool that can easily human works. Even to support it many new technologies are born for example a computer. Unfortunately, the speed of current technological improvement not followed by protecting awareness of surrounding environment. Massive oil drilling caused by the human vehicle is increasing along with increasing human populations from year to year. Finally, the waste produced from the vehicles, become one of the main factors polluted air around us. A lot of environmental damage that we often hear, for example, global warming ,acid rain, greenhouse effect, environmental pollution and so on.

The greenhouse effect caused by excessive carbon dioxide gas and causes global warming makes the earth hotter. The next phenomenon is acid rain, although it can prevent global warming but acid rain is more dangerous. humans are the main causes ! Start From now let's keep our environment for our grandchildren one day later. because no matter how small work you do, will be felt by our children and grandchildren one day later.

This is enough from me . sorry if there was a mistake, thank you for your attention.

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SMK 2013-Implications of Global Warming BY Name : Siti Robiatul Adawiyah Class : XII RPL 3

Sen,16 Sep2013 pada 14:57

14:57

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Article About Environtment

DARI siti robiatuladawiyah KEPADA Anda

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Name    : Siti Robiatul Adawiyah

Class     : XII RPL 3

Implications of Global Warming

 

Global Warming doesn’t really just heat up our Earth, it messes up the seasonal change. It can make our winters longer and our summers hotter or vice versa. Records show that Earth has increased.8 degrees Celsius since 1980.Scientists are also 90% sure that greenhouses gasses are the cause of the infamed Global Warming. Our world hasn’t stayed silent about it though. Most of us would like to blame it on urban warming or nature but those have little to do with it at all. Only.002 of urban warming has increased Global Warming.

Actions taken against Global Warming includes the Kyoto Protocol where Japan internationally limits the industrial gas release of complying countries. Where do greenhouse gases come from you ask? Well, greenhouse gases come from environmental damage associated with deforestation or pollution. These statements are to be ejaculated because not only will they rise but they will continue to rise.

The growth of greenhouse gasses have been summarized by the AR4 in 2007. They have projected a model implicating that the surface temperature will rise from 1.1C up to 2.9C in this century. So you now know that Global Warming will continue on the rise, but now what? Well, Global Warming will have a global effect because not only will it increase sea levels or raise temperatures, it will change patterns of precipitation along with expanding subtropical deserts.

Hmmm…why was 2005 and 2010 so hot you ask? Well, there are many contributing factors but some of the major ones includes El Nino. Then what about La Nina you ask? Well, in 2011 there was a La Nina year and guess what? It was one of the hottest ever recorded. And what’s even more? Out of the 13 hottest years 11 of them was between 2001 to 2011. What does that say about Global Warming in the 21st Century?

So what exactly are these “Green House Gases which make up only about 30% of the increase in Global Warming? Well, the big lot include Water Vapor which makes up 36-70% of it, C02 which makes up 9-26%, Methane which makes up 4-9%, and ozone which makes up 3-7%. The green house gases has been increased because of human activity such as the burnage of fossil fuels which make up about 70% of the increase of greenhouse gasses.

There has been many steps taken to fix this Global Warming problem such as the establishment of the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change). You may wonder what the UNFCCC works for but it’s simple, to reduce the increase of Global Warming to below 2C in the 21st century. You may be happy that steps have been taken but fear not, the International Energy Agency reports otherwise. It states that it’s ultimate goal is to prevent anthropogenic climate change.

Ah, the problem of Global Warming. One of the most emphasized problems of this century. It is going to be on the rise despite that annual orbitrary change of Earth and La Nina. But otherwise, human activity is on the crux of it. We have caused 70% of the rise of greenhouse gas increase and humans haven’t been silent about it. Various organizations and awareness programs have been established such as AR4, UNFCCC, and etc. So help support the cause, save energy, and ride less for us all.

 

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SMK 2013 -How to Keep to Keep the Environment Clean BY Nama : Mela Dwi Lestari Kelas : XII RPL 2

Sen,16 Sep2013 pada 14:57

14:57

Nama : Mela Dwi Lestari

Kelas : XII RPL 2

How to Keep to Keep the Environment Clean

    Keeping the environment clean is very important. Keeping it clean environment is actually very easy, but sometimes the application wrote that very difficult to do. But if you often do u will make us accustomed to always keep environment clean. If we are taught from an early age by our parents about the meaning of a healthy lifestyle then it will make us accustomed to protecting the environment to stay clean.

   Nowadays there are many people littering, especially in big cities often they throw garbage carelessly. With protecting the environment to stay clean we have to do it with the smallest first instance, dispose of waste in place.

     Had clean and comfortable environment that will make our hearts feel peaceful because by keeping the environment clean in order to keep it going to keep us away from various diseases.
    1. Dispose of waste in place, do not remove disembarang place.
     2.Remove home of dirt and dust.
     3.Remove home page regularly to look clean and comfortable when seen.
     4. Cleaning the gutters are not clogged so no waste water.
     5. Garbage that has been dumped a lot better when it's burned.
     6. Do 3 M; Closing water storage, bath care routine, bury the used goods.
     Apply 3 B; Dispose of waste in place, clean the dirty areas, get used to living clean.

    So how to keep the environment in order to stay clear of me. May be useful and can be applied in daily activities at home or wherever we are, we must prioritize cleanliness. Let us support a clean and healthy behavior in the environment where we tinggak. Let's always keep. (*)

 

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SMK 2013-How To Make Fried Rice BY Nama: Miftakhul Kirom Kelas: XII RPL 3 No : 12

Sen,16 Sep2013 pada 14:58

14:58

Pesan berbintang

How To Make Fried Rice

DARI miftakhul kirom KEPADA Anda

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• miftakhul kirom  
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Ke

• sultoni_c@yahoo.co.id

Nama: Miftakhul Kirom

Kelas: XII RPL 3

No    : 12

HOW TO MAKE FRIED RICE

 

Ingredients

• 2 cups long-grain rice, rinsed
• 2 1/2 tablespoons kecap manis
• 1 tablespoon Yeo's Dark Soy Sauce
• 1 tablespoon sweet chilli sauce
• 1/4 cup peanut oil
• 4 eggs, lightly beaten
• 1 brown onion, thinly sliced
• 1 teaspoon sambal olek (see note)
• 3 garlic cloves, finely chopped
• 1 teaspoon shrimp paste
• 1 carrot, peeled, finely chopped
• 1 small chicken breast fillet, chopped
• 300g green prawns, peeled, deveined, roughly chopped
• 3 green onions, thinly sliced
• 1/4 small Chinese cabbage, finely shredded
• 1/4 cup fried shallots (see note)
• thinly sliced red chillies, to serve

·  Step 1

Cook rice following absorption method on packet until just tender. Drain. Transfer to a baking tray. Fluff rice with a fork. Cool to room temperature. Cover and refrigerate for 2 hours or until cold (see tip).

·  Step 2

Combine kecap manis, soy sauce and sweet chilli sauce in a jug. Set aside.

·  Step 3

Heat a wok over high heat until hot. Add 1 teaspoon oil and swirl to coat. Add one-quarter of beaten egg and swirl to form a thin omelette. Cook for 30 seconds or until egg sets. Slide onto a board. Repeat with oil and egg, in 3 batches, to make 4 omelettes. Roll up omelettes and thinly slice crossways.

·  Step 4

Heat remaining 2 tablespoons oil in wok over high heat. Add brown onion, sambal olek, garlic, shrimp paste and carrot. Stir-fry for 1 minute or until aromatic. Add chicken. Stir-fry for 1 to 2 minutes or until sealed. Add prawns. Stir-fry for 2 minutes or until prawns turn pink. Add rice, soy mixture, green onions and cabbage. Stir-fry for 3 to 4 minutes or until rice is heated through. Toss through half the sliced omelette.

·  Step 5

Spoon nasi goreng onto serving plates. Top with remaining sliced omelette. Sprinkle with fried shallots. Serve with sliced chillies.

KEEP SMILE

CIKIDAW

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