ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
"Pollution" is entered or the inclusion of living things, matter, energy, and / or other components into the water or air. Pollution could also mean changing the order (composition) of water or air by human activities and natural processes, so the quality of the water / air becomes less or cease to function according to their distribution. To prevent pollution of the environment by various industrial activities and human activities, it is necessary to control the environmental pollution by setting environmental quality standards.
Environmental pollution can occur anywhere at a very fast pace, and the increasingly heavy burden of pollution caused by industrial waste from a variety of chemicals including heavy metals. Environmental pollution can be categorized into:
A.Jenis-type Environmental Pollution
Based on that experience environmental pollution, environmental pollution outline can be grouped into water pollution, soil, and air.
a. Air Pollution
In the governance of human life, water plays an important role among many others for drinking, cooking, washing and bathing. In addition it is also a lot of water is needed to irrigate the fields, farms, industry, and many more.
Human action in fulfillment of daily activities, may have accidentally menambahjumlah inorganic material in the water and pollute the water. For example, removal of detergent to the water can adversely impact the organisms present in the water. Fertilizing agricultural land or fields with artificial fertilizer, then go into the water will cause the growth of aquatic plants that are not controlled or blooming called eutrophication. Some plants such as algae, water spikes, and water hyacinth will grow fast and cover the surface of the water so that sunlight does not penetrate to the bottom waters. As a result, existing plants can not photosynthesize below the surface so that the levels of dissolved oxygen in the water is reduced.
Other chemicals, such as pesticides or DDT (dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane) are often used by farmers to eradicate plant pests can also be bad for plants and other organisms. If in the aquatic ecosystem pollution or pesticide DDT, DDT will occur flow
b. Soil pollution
Soil is a living place different types of plants and other living things, including humans. Soil quality can be reduced due to the process of erosion by flowing water sehinggakesuburannya will be reduced. In addition, deteriorating soil quality can be caused juaga solid waste landfills.
According to sources, solid waste derived from household waste (domestic), industrial and natural (plant). As for the type, waste can be divided into organic and inorganic waste. Organic waste from the remains of living things, such as leaves, dead animals, and paper. The inorganic waste is usually derived from industrial waste, such as plastics, metals and cans.
Organic waste is generally easily destroyed and decomposed by microorganisms in the soil. The inorganic waste is not easily destroyed and can degrade soil quality.
c. Air Pollution
Polluted air if the air is said to contain elements that pollute the air. Form a variety of air pollutants, there is a form of gas and there is a form of liquid or solid particles.
1) Shaped Air Pollutant Gas
Some of the gas exceeds the number of environmental tolerance limits, and the environment into the air, can disrupt the lives of living beings. Gaseous air pollutants are carbon monoxide, sulfur compounds (SO2 and H2S), seyawa nitrogen (NO2), and chloroflourocarbon (CFC).
CO2 levels are too high in the air can cause the air temperature at the earth's surface increases and can interfere with the respiratory system. Gas levels over 100 ppm CO in the blood can damage the nervous system and can cause death. SO2 and H2S gas can combine with water particles and cause acid rain. NO2 poisoning can cause respiratory system disorders, paralysis, and death. Meanwhile, coat of CFCs can cause damage to the ozone in the atmosphere.
2) Air Pollutant Particles Shaped Liquid or Solid
Particles that pollute the air contained in the liquid or solid form. Particles in liquid form water droplets or mist. Mist may cause suffocation if terhiap into the lungs.
In the form of solid particles can be dust or volcanic ash. Also, it can also come from living things, such as bacteria, spores, viruses, pollen, or insects that have died. The particles are a source of disease that can interfere with human health.
Yangmencemari air particles can come from burning gasoline. Gasoline used in motor vehicles is usually mixed with lead compounds that rapid combustion engine runs perfectly. Will lead bereaki with chlorine and bromine to form particles PbClBr. The particles will be scattered by the vehicle through the exhaust into the air so that it will pollute the air
FACTORS CAUSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
• natural processes, such as biological decay, volcanic activity, burning bushes, and lightning.
• Creation / human activities, such as:
• The result of fuel combustion that occurs in industry and motor vehicles.
• Processing and refining of mineral ore and coal.
• The processes in the plant.
Ground-up remains of the activities mentioned above.
Environmental pollution has been going on since time immemorial, since the existence of man, but only the 20th century due to human contamination caused it to be subject to all the community and the need to receive treatment and supervision seriously.
Factors that cause environmental pollution as a byproduct of human activity include;
• Industrialization Factors
• Urbanization Factors
• Population Density Factor
• Lifestyle Factors
• Factors of Economic Development
The above factors affect each other in complex ways. If one of the factors occur, then other factors may occur, thus environmental pollution can not be avoided.
Examples of factors that greatly disturb the environment include:
A. Industrialization Factors
a. Mining, transport, refining and processing of materials to produce goods that can be used.
b. Mining, transport, refining and use of fuel to generate energy.
c. Remnants of waste generated as a byproduct during the above processes.
d. Urbanization Factors
e. Clearing of forests for settlements, industrial and systems
f. transportation.
g. Hoarding or piling remnants waste / garbage and results? Side during the above processes.
B. Population Density Factor
a. The growing need for shelter / housing.
b. The increasing need for food and energy needs.
c. The growing need for consumer goods and materials to life.
d. Lifestyle Factors
e. Excessive use of goods needs to be wasted.
f. Demand for luxuries.
g. Energy waste.
h. Factors of Economic Development
i. The increasing use of source materials, eg fuel, forest products.
j. Increasing the remnants of waste as a byproduct of the production of goods and the increasing interest in plant material contamination
Table 1 HUMAN ACTIVITY AND RESULTS ARISING OUT SIDE
Type of activity that caused the Side Results
1 Household Sewage, Waste Water Pollutants dirt needs a place to stay, etc.
2 Transport of Air Pollution Air Pollution Sound Pollution Accidents Needs land for roads, etc.
3 Industrial and Factory Pollution Air Pollution Water Pollution Waste land / the remains as waste heat Sound Pollution / ground noise needs, and others.
4 Mining Demu Pollution Air pollution due to waste water / waste scraps as soil needs, and others.
5 Pollution Water Pollution Farming land needs Buagan dirt ground, and others.
Table 2 ENERGY SOURCES AND EFFECTS
No Source of Energy Effects on the environment
1 Solar Energy Mining, mineral deposits residence Utilization
2 Coal Mining Pollution Air pollution due to combustion heat
3 Oil Pollution Air pollution due to the combustion air
4 Natural Gas Air pollution due to burning
5 Nuclear Air pollution due to radiation heat buildup of residual waste defiling
6 Biomass Air Pollution land use
That caused DUE BY POLLUTION
1. Extinction of Species
Typically pollutant harmful to aquatic and terrestrial biota. Different types of animals mengelami poisoning, then die. Various species of animals that do not have the same immunity. There are sensitive, some are resistant. Young animals, animal larvae are sensitive to pollutants. There are animals that can adapt so immune to contaminants., Adpula is not. Although animals adapt, should note that the level of animal adaptation has its limits. When the limit is terlampui, the animal will die.
2. Blasting Hama
The use of pesticides and insecticides can also be deadly predators. Because of extinct predators, the insect pests will flourish without restraint.
3. Environmental Balance Disorders
Extinction of certain spasies mengibah patterns of biological interactions in an ecosystem. Food chains, food webs and energy lairan menjadiberubah. As a result, the balance lingkngan disturbed. Recycling materials and biogeochemical cycles to be disrupted.
4. Declining Soil Fertility
The use of pesticides and insecticides can affect soil fauna death. It can reduce soil fertility. Continuous use of fertilizer can cause the soil to become acidic. It also can reduce soil fertility. Likewise, the occurrence of acid rain.
5. Toxicity and Disease
People who consume vegetables, fish, and contaminated food can be poisoned. there is death, there is a damaged liver, kidney, cancer, nervous system damage, and some even led to defects in keturunanketurunannya.
6. Biological concentration
The process of increasing the body's levels of pollutants through the creature known as biological concentration (in English known as biomagnificition.
7. Formation of Ozone Hole and the Greenhouse Effect
The formation of the ozone hole and the greenhouse effect is a global problem that is felt by all humanity. This is because contaminants can spread and have an impact elsewhere.
HOW TO RESOLVE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Addressing the role of Human Environmental Pollution
1. Humans have a very important role to overcome the environmental pollution caused by human activity itself. Some things people do to overcome the environmental pollution will be discussed:
2. Doing Greening One way to overcome soil contamination is reforestation by giving humus soil, so the plants fertile again.
3. Crop rotation Crop rotation is one of the efforts made to maintain soil fertility. This can be done by planting different crops in the same place alternately.
4. Fertilizer use as needed
5. The use of artificial pu puk like urea, ZA, and excessive NSP is very damaging to the environment because it can lead to eutrophication and can increase the acidity tanah.Sebaiknya, farmers use natural fertilizers, like compost and manure to reduce soil contamination.
6. Making Swales
7. One effort to address soil degradation due to erosion is by making chunks sloping swales in the land, such as hills and mountain slopes. Why swales can reduce erosion? Discuss with friends sekelompokmu.
8. Reforestation is the replanting of deforested lands. This is done to address the erosion because tree roots can absorb water and hold the soil so that rain water does not carry over.
9. Recycling Currently, many recycled products that can be used kembali.Pendaur-replications of household trash and garbage from the market into fertilizer that can be used by farmers. Usually in the form of waste vegetable market that had rotted. If reprocessed and added manure would be an excellent natural fertilizer for plants.
"Pollution" is entered or the inclusion of living things, matter, energy, and / or other components into the water or air. Pollution could also mean changing the order (composition) of water or air by human activities and natural processes, so the quality of the water / air becomes less or cease to function according to their distribution. To prevent pollution of the environment by various industrial activities and human activities, it is necessary to control the environmental pollution by setting environmental quality standards.
Environmental pollution can occur anywhere at a very fast pace, and the increasingly heavy burden of pollution caused by industrial waste from a variety of chemicals including heavy metals. Environmental pollution can be categorized into:
A.Jenis-type Environmental Pollution
Based on that experience environmental pollution, environmental pollution outline can be grouped into water pollution, soil, and air.
a. Air Pollution
In the governance of human life, water plays an important role among many others for drinking, cooking, washing and bathing. In addition it is also a lot of water is needed to irrigate the fields, farms, industry, and many more.
Human action in fulfillment of daily activities, may have accidentally menambahjumlah inorganic material in the water and pollute the water. For example, removal of detergent to the water can adversely impact the organisms present in the water. Fertilizing agricultural land or fields with artificial fertilizer, then go into the water will cause the growth of aquatic plants that are not controlled or blooming called eutrophication. Some plants such as algae, water spikes, and water hyacinth will grow fast and cover the surface of the water so that sunlight does not penetrate to the bottom waters. As a result, existing plants can not photosynthesize below the surface so that the levels of dissolved oxygen in the water is reduced.
Other chemicals, such as pesticides or DDT (dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane) are often used by farmers to eradicate plant pests can also be bad for plants and other organisms. If in the aquatic ecosystem pollution or pesticide DDT, DDT will occur flow
b. Soil pollution
Soil is a living place different types of plants and other living things, including humans. Soil quality can be reduced due to the process of erosion by flowing water sehinggakesuburannya will be reduced. In addition, deteriorating soil quality can be caused juaga solid waste landfills.
According to sources, solid waste derived from household waste (domestic), industrial and natural (plant). As for the type, waste can be divided into organic and inorganic waste. Organic waste from the remains of living things, such as leaves, dead animals, and paper. The inorganic waste is usually derived from industrial waste, such as plastics, metals and cans.
Organic waste is generally easily destroyed and decomposed by microorganisms in the soil. The inorganic waste is not easily destroyed and can degrade soil quality.
c. Air Pollution
Polluted air if the air is said to contain elements that pollute the air. Form a variety of air pollutants, there is a form of gas and there is a form of liquid or solid particles.
1) Shaped Air Pollutant Gas
Some of the gas exceeds the number of environmental tolerance limits, and the environment into the air, can disrupt the lives of living beings. Gaseous air pollutants are carbon monoxide, sulfur compounds (SO2 and H2S), seyawa nitrogen (NO2), and chloroflourocarbon (CFC).
CO2 levels are too high in the air can cause the air temperature at the earth's surface increases and can interfere with the respiratory system. Gas levels over 100 ppm CO in the blood can damage the nervous system and can cause death. SO2 and H2S gas can combine with water particles and cause acid rain. NO2 poisoning can cause respiratory system disorders, paralysis, and death. Meanwhile, coat of CFCs can cause damage to the ozone in the atmosphere.
2) Air Pollutant Particles Shaped Liquid or Solid
Particles that pollute the air contained in the liquid or solid form. Particles in liquid form water droplets or mist. Mist may cause suffocation if terhiap into the lungs.
In the form of solid particles can be dust or volcanic ash. Also, it can also come from living things, such as bacteria, spores, viruses, pollen, or insects that have died. The particles are a source of disease that can interfere with human health.
Yangmencemari air particles can come from burning gasoline. Gasoline used in motor vehicles is usually mixed with lead compounds that rapid combustion engine runs perfectly. Will lead bereaki with chlorine and bromine to form particles PbClBr. The particles will be scattered by the vehicle through the exhaust into the air so that it will pollute the air
FACTORS CAUSE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
• natural processes, such as biological decay, volcanic activity, burning bushes, and lightning.
• Creation / human activities, such as:
• The result of fuel combustion that occurs in industry and motor vehicles.
• Processing and refining of mineral ore and coal.
• The processes in the plant.
Ground-up remains of the activities mentioned above.
Environmental pollution has been going on since time immemorial, since the existence of man, but only the 20th century due to human contamination caused it to be subject to all the community and the need to receive treatment and supervision seriously.
Factors that cause environmental pollution as a byproduct of human activity include;
• Industrialization Factors
• Urbanization Factors
• Population Density Factor
• Lifestyle Factors
• Factors of Economic Development
The above factors affect each other in complex ways. If one of the factors occur, then other factors may occur, thus environmental pollution can not be avoided.
Examples of factors that greatly disturb the environment include:
A. Industrialization Factors
a. Mining, transport, refining and processing of materials to produce goods that can be used.
b. Mining, transport, refining and use of fuel to generate energy.
c. Remnants of waste generated as a byproduct during the above processes.
d. Urbanization Factors
e. Clearing of forests for settlements, industrial and systems
f. transportation.
g. Hoarding or piling remnants waste / garbage and results? Side during the above processes.
B. Population Density Factor
a. The growing need for shelter / housing.
b. The increasing need for food and energy needs.
c. The growing need for consumer goods and materials to life.
d. Lifestyle Factors
e. Excessive use of goods needs to be wasted.
f. Demand for luxuries.
g. Energy waste.
h. Factors of Economic Development
i. The increasing use of source materials, eg fuel, forest products.
j. Increasing the remnants of waste as a byproduct of the production of goods and the increasing interest in plant material contamination
Table 1 HUMAN ACTIVITY AND RESULTS ARISING OUT SIDE
Type of activity that caused the Side Results
1 Household Sewage, Waste Water Pollutants dirt needs a place to stay, etc.
2 Transport of Air Pollution Air Pollution Sound Pollution Accidents Needs land for roads, etc.
3 Industrial and Factory Pollution Air Pollution Water Pollution Waste land / the remains as waste heat Sound Pollution / ground noise needs, and others.
4 Mining Demu Pollution Air pollution due to waste water / waste scraps as soil needs, and others.
5 Pollution Water Pollution Farming land needs Buagan dirt ground, and others.
Table 2 ENERGY SOURCES AND EFFECTS
No Source of Energy Effects on the environment
1 Solar Energy Mining, mineral deposits residence Utilization
2 Coal Mining Pollution Air pollution due to combustion heat
3 Oil Pollution Air pollution due to the combustion air
4 Natural Gas Air pollution due to burning
5 Nuclear Air pollution due to radiation heat buildup of residual waste defiling
6 Biomass Air Pollution land use
That caused DUE BY POLLUTION
1. Extinction of Species
Typically pollutant harmful to aquatic and terrestrial biota. Different types of animals mengelami poisoning, then die. Various species of animals that do not have the same immunity. There are sensitive, some are resistant. Young animals, animal larvae are sensitive to pollutants. There are animals that can adapt so immune to contaminants., Adpula is not. Although animals adapt, should note that the level of animal adaptation has its limits. When the limit is terlampui, the animal will die.
2. Blasting Hama
The use of pesticides and insecticides can also be deadly predators. Because of extinct predators, the insect pests will flourish without restraint.
3. Environmental Balance Disorders
Extinction of certain spasies mengibah patterns of biological interactions in an ecosystem. Food chains, food webs and energy lairan menjadiberubah. As a result, the balance lingkngan disturbed. Recycling materials and biogeochemical cycles to be disrupted.
4. Declining Soil Fertility
The use of pesticides and insecticides can affect soil fauna death. It can reduce soil fertility. Continuous use of fertilizer can cause the soil to become acidic. It also can reduce soil fertility. Likewise, the occurrence of acid rain.
5. Toxicity and Disease
People who consume vegetables, fish, and contaminated food can be poisoned. there is death, there is a damaged liver, kidney, cancer, nervous system damage, and some even led to defects in keturunanketurunannya.
6. Biological concentration
The process of increasing the body's levels of pollutants through the creature known as biological concentration (in English known as biomagnificition.
7. Formation of Ozone Hole and the Greenhouse Effect
The formation of the ozone hole and the greenhouse effect is a global problem that is felt by all humanity. This is because contaminants can spread and have an impact elsewhere.
HOW TO RESOLVE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Addressing the role of Human Environmental Pollution
1. Humans have a very important role to overcome the environmental pollution caused by human activity itself. Some things people do to overcome the environmental pollution will be discussed:
2. Doing Greening One way to overcome soil contamination is reforestation by giving humus soil, so the plants fertile again.
3. Crop rotation Crop rotation is one of the efforts made to maintain soil fertility. This can be done by planting different crops in the same place alternately.
4. Fertilizer use as needed
5. The use of artificial pu puk like urea, ZA, and excessive NSP is very damaging to the environment because it can lead to eutrophication and can increase the acidity tanah.Sebaiknya, farmers use natural fertilizers, like compost and manure to reduce soil contamination.
6. Making Swales
7. One effort to address soil degradation due to erosion is by making chunks sloping swales in the land, such as hills and mountain slopes. Why swales can reduce erosion? Discuss with friends sekelompokmu.
8. Reforestation is the replanting of deforested lands. This is done to address the erosion because tree roots can absorb water and hold the soil so that rain water does not carry over.
9. Recycling Currently, many recycled products that can be used kembali.Pendaur-replications of household trash and garbage from the market into fertilizer that can be used by farmers. Usually in the form of waste vegetable market that had rotted. If reprocessed and added manure would be an excellent natural fertilizer for plants.
0 komentar:
Post a Comment